¿Pagamos más por la electricidad en Portugal que en otros Estados miembros de la Unión Europea?

En un análisis de los últimos datos de Eurostat (del segundo semestre 2020) - versión portuguesa - sobre el precio de la electricidad entre los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea (UE), podemos constatar que el precio final del consumo de electricidad en Portugal, para los clientes domésticos, está dentro del promedio de la UE-27.

Si miramos con más detalle estos datos, podemos ver que, comparando sólo los componentes energéticos (costos de producción y comercialización de electricidad) y redes (transporte y distribución de electricidad, desde los productores hasta sus hogares), Portugal ocupa el puesto 16, en relación con los 27 países de la UE - teniendo en cuenta el consumidor en la banda de consumo interno más representativo en Portugal - DC: consumo anual entre 2.500 y 5.000 kWh.

Source: Eurostat
Footnote: This graphics takes into account the consumer in the most representative household consumption band in Portugal - DC: annual consumption between 2,500 and 5,000 kWh.

Taxes nearly double the electricity bill

The price of electricity in Portugal continues to be in line with the average for the European Union, even after adding the component of taxes and charges, such as VAT, the Special Tax on Consumption and other rates.

The “taxes and charges” component in Portugal is one of the highest in Europe and practically doubles the final price of electricity compared to the base value in our country. (see graphics above)

Only Denmark, Germany and Spain have higher tax and parafiscal charges than Portugal on residential electricity bills.

Portuguese purchasing power is below the European average

The truth is that the price of electricity is formed by costs that are practically identical in all European countries (such as the price of fuel and CO2, turbines and other mechanical and electronic equipment in power plants and transmission networks and distribution, among others). The factor that makes the difference in terms of costs between countries is labor, but this ends up having a negligible weight in the total price of electricity.

With this in mind, the price of electricity is not high, since, as we have seen, it is in line with the EU-27 average. But when we compare electricity prices in relation to the purchasing power, Portugal has the 5th highest price in the European Union. In other words, it is the purchasing power of the Portuguese that is below the European average.

Since electricity is a good whose price is formed by costs that are very homogeneous between the various countries, we cannot compare them using purchasing power parity.

Source: Eurostat

NOTE: This graphic includes taxes and charges; Band Dc (annual consumption between 2,5 and 5 MWh)
 

Competition in the generation and sale of electricity

The Iberian electricity market is quite competitive, both in terms of generation and commercialization activities.

In production, Portugal and Spain are integrated into a single market (MIBEL - Iberian Electricity Market), in which the price is equal in about 95% of the hours, reflecting that the interconnection capacity allows optimizing the use of the most efficient plants in terms of hourly costs across these two countries. In terms of commercialization, today there are almost 40 electricity suppliers in the Portuguese free market.

Source: REN, REE, Agents